Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Genetics

SNP 213, Edgar S. McFadden Biostress Laboratory

Oglala Lakota College students Candy DuBray, left, and Charles Bush prepare to do DNA extractions in Associate Professor Madhav Nepal’s lab through the Future Agriculture and Science Taskforce Research and Extension Experiences for Undergraduates fellowship program.
Oglala Lakota College students Candy DuBray, left, and Charles Bush prepare to do DNA extractions in professor Madhav Nepal’s lab through the Future Agriculture and Science Taskforce Research and Extension Experiences for Undergraduates fellowship program.

Researchers in Nepal Lab are interested in understanding plant evolution using approaches in molecular phylogenetics, comparative genomics and ecological genetics. The main research goal is to provide interested students/researchers with cutting-edge research experiences that they can apply to their daily life and future career.

Faculty and Graduate Researchers

  • Madhav P. Nepal, Ph.D.
  • Bibek Adhikari (Ph.D. student)
  • Sanam Parajuli (Ph.D. student)

Recent Lab Alumni

  • Dillon Nelson (2020-2023)
  • Jordan Purintun (2019-2020)
  • Bijaya Pradhan (2019-2021)
  • Surendra Neupane (Ph.D. 2015-2019), currently postdoctoral scholar, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida
  • Ethan Andersen, (Ph.D. 2015-2019), currently assistant professor of biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina
  • Sarbottam Piya, Ph.D., (M.S. 2011-2013), currently postdoctoral scholar at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
  • Achal Neupane (M.S. 2011-2013), currently Ph.D. student at SDSU
  • Ben Benson (M.S. 2012-2015), currently research associate at Sanford Health Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
  • Sajag Adhikari, Ph.D., (lab assistant, 2011), currently postdoctoral scholar, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
  • Jyotshna Paudel (graduate administrative assistant, fall 2016), currently at the McComish Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at SDSU
Publications
Publications
  1. Parajuli S., Adhikari B. and *Nepal, M.P. 2025. Insights into genetics of floral development in Amborella trichopoda Baill Through Genomewide Survey and Expression Analysis of MADS-Box Transcription Factors. Scientific Reports 15, 5297 (DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88880-x).
  2. Adhikari B., Parajuli S. and *Nepal, M.P. 2025. Chloroplast Genome Sequences for Endangered Morus rubra: Chloroplast Phylogenomics supports Morus Monophyly. Scientific Reports.
  3. Vestal, S.S., Burke, R.S., Browning, L.M., Hasselquist, L., Hales, P.D., Miller, M.L., *Nepal, M.P. and White, P.T. 2025. Building Resilience in Rural STEM Teachers through a Noyce Professional Learning Community. Education Science 15(1), 85 (DOI: 10.3390/educsci15010085).
  4. Adhikari, B., Pradhan, B., Parajuli, S. and *Nepal, M.P. 2024. Genomewide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors in Amborella Trichopoda, the Basal Flowering Plant Species. Monocytomics, 2890.
  5. Stagner K., Weber, A., Nepal, H.P. and *Nepal, M.P. 2024. Prescription Adherence Rates across Medication Categories. Life Science Reports 1(1):1-24 (DOI: 10.62812/FRUE4067).
  6. Johnson, R.M. Nepal, H.P. and *Nepal, M.P. 2024. Mutations and Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Life Science Reports. 1(1): 25-35 (DOI: 10.62812/MGJP4087).
  7. Andersen, E.J., Ali, S. and *Nepal, M.P. 2021. Necrotrophic Fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Triggers Expression of Multiple Resistance Components in Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Cultivars. Journal of Plant Pathology 37(2):99-114 (DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2020.0109).
  8. *Nepal, M.P. and Purintun, J.M. 2021. Systematics of the Genus Morus L. (Moraceae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Potential Responses to Climate Change. In Genetic Improvement of Mulberry in Content of Climate Change (M. K. Razdan and T. Dennis Thomas, Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., USA.
  9. *Xue, J., Takken, F.L.W., Nepal, M.P., Maekawa, T. and Z. Shao. 2020. Editorial: Evolution and Functional Mechanisms of Plant Disease Resistance. Frontiers in Genetics. 1 1:593240. (DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.593240).
  10. Andersen, E.J, Nelson, D. Mermigka, G., Purintun, J.P., Sarris, P.F. and *Nepal, M.P. 2020. Wheat Disease Resistance Genes and their Diversification through Integrated Domain Fusions. Frontiers in Genetics 11: 898. (DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00898).
  11. White, P.T., Browning, L.M., Miller, M.L., Vestal, S.S., Lemke, M. and *Nepal, M.P. 2020. Perceptions and Usages of Online Teaching Resources by South Dakota Science and Agriculture Teachers. SDAOS. 99: 117-133.
  12. Neupane, S., Mathew, F.M., Varenhorst A.J. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Transcriptome Profiling of Interaction Effects of Soybean Cyst Nematodes and Soybean Aphids on Soybean. Scientific Data 6:133 (DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0140-4).
  13. Neupane, S.; Purintun, J.; Mathew, F.M.; Varenhorst, A.J. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Molecular Basis of Soybean Resistance to Soybean Aphid and Soybean Cyst Nematode. Plants. 8 (10): 374; DOI: 10.3390/plants8100374.
  14. Andersen, E.J., Ali, S. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Transcriptomic Changes in Wheat During Tan Spot (Pyrenophora Tritici-repentis) Disease. BMC Research Notes 12:471 (DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4517-4).
  15. Neupane, S., Varenhorst, A.J. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Transcriptome Profiling of Induced Susceptibility Effects on Soybean/Soybean Aphid Interaction. BMC Research Notes. 12:325 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4372-3.
  16. Neupane, S., +S.E. Schweitzer, A. Neupane, E.J. Andersen, A. Fennell, R. Zhou, *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Identification and Characterization of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Genes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plants. 8(2), 28; DOI: 10.3390/plants8020028.
  17. Neupane, S., E.J. Andersen, A. Neupane and *Nepal, M.P. 2018. Genomewide Identification of NBS-encoding Genes of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Genes. 9:384, DOI: 10.3390/genes9080384.
  18. Andersen, E.J., E. Byamukama, S. Ali, Y. Yen and *Nepal, M.P. 2018. Disease Resistance Mechanisms in Plants. Genes. 9(7): 339; DOI: 10.3390/genes9070339.
  19. Neupane, S., E.J. Andersen, Q. Ma, F. Mathew, A. Varenhorst and *Nepal, M.P. 2018. Evolutionary Divergence of TNL Disease Resistance Proteins in Soybean and Common Bean. Biochemical Genetics. 56 (4):397-422.
  20. *Nepal, M.P., E.J. Andersen, S. Neupane and B.V. Benson. 2017. Comparative Genomics of non-TNL Disease Resistance Genes from Six Plant Species. Genes. 8(10): 249; DOI: 10.3390/genes8100249.
  21. Andersen, E.J. and *Nepal, M.P. 2017. Genetic Diversity of Disease Resistance Genes in Foxtail millet (Setaria italica[L.] P. Beauv.) 10: 8–16.
  22. Nanda-Kafle, G., T. Seale, T. Flint, Nepal, M.P. S.N. Venter and V. S. Brözel. 2017. Distribution of Diverse Escherichia coli between Cattle and Pasture. Microbes and Environments, 32(3): 226-233.
  23. Andersen E.J. and *Nepal, M.P. 2017. Data on Genomewide Identification of CNL R-genes in Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Data in Brief. 13: 259-273.
  24. Andersen, E.J., S. Ali, R.N. Reese, Y. Yen, S. Neupane and *Nepal, M.P. 2016. Diversity and Evolution of Disease Resistance Genes in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Evolutionary Bioinformatics. 12:99-108.
  25. *Nepal, M.P. and B.V. Benson. 2015. Soybean Disease Resistance Genes and Their Evolutionary Divergence. Evolutionary Bioinformatics. 11: 49-63.
  26. +Andersen, E.J., +S.R. Shaw and *Nepal, M.P. 2015. Genomewide Identification of Disease Resistance Genes in Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae). Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. 94:281-295.
  27. *Nepal, M.P., M.H. Mayfield and C.J. Ferguson. 2015. Breeding System and Sex Ratio Variation in Mulberries. Journal of Botanical Institute of Texas. 9(2):383-395.
  28. Benson, B.V., *Nepal, M.P., +L.G. Davison, +P. B. Duwadi and B.G. Moore. 2014. In Silico Analysis of Cis-Regulatory Elements of Disease Resistance Genes across Six Plant Species. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. 93: 133-144.
  29. Piya, S., *Nepal, M.P., J.L. Butler, G.E. Larson and A. Neupane. 2014. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Sickleweed (Falcaria vulgaris; Apiaceae) in the Upper Midwest USA. Biological Invasions 16(10): 2115-2125.
  30. Neupane A., *Nepal, M.P., B.V. Benson, +K.J. MacArthur and S. Piya. 2013. Evolutionary History of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Genes in Lotus, Medicago and Phaseolus. Plant Signaling and Behavior 8 (11): e27189.
  31. Piya, S., and *Nepal, M.P.. 2013. Characterization of Nuclear and Chloroplast Microsatellite Markers for Falcaria Vulgaris (Apiaceae). American Journal of Plant Science. 4: 590-595.
  32. *Nepal, M.P. and +D.J. Wichern. 2013. Taxonomic Status of Red Mulberry (Morus rubra, Moraceae) at Its Northwestern Boundary. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. 92: 19-29.
  33. Neupane, A., *Nepal, M.P., S. Piya, S. Subramanian, J.S. Rohila, R.N. Reese and B.V. Benson. 2013. Identification, Nomenclature and Evolutionary Relationships of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Genes in Soybean. Evolutionary Bioinformatics. 9: 363-386 (IF = 1.5).
  34. *Nepal, M.P. and C.J. Ferguson. 2012. Phylogenetics of Morus (Moraceae) Inferred from ITS and trnL-trnF Sequence Data. Systematic Botany. 37(2): 442-450.
  35. Piya, S., *Nepal, M.P., A. Neupane, G.E. Larson and J.L. Butler. 2012. Introduction History and Spread of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. (Apiaceae) in the United States Based on Herbarium Records. Proceedings of South Dakota Academy of Science. 91:113-129.
  36. *Nepal, M.P., M.H. Mayfield and C.J. Ferguson. 2012. Identification of Eastern North American Morus (Moraceae):Taxonomic Status of M. murrayana. Phytoneuron 26:1-6.
  37. Woods, T.M., S.C. Strakosh, Nepal, M.P., S. Chakrabarti, N.B. Simpson, M.H. Mayfield and C.J. Ferguson. 2005. Introduced Species in Kansas: Floristic Changes and Patterns of Collection Based on an Historical Herbarium. SIDA Contributions to Botany 21: 1695-1725.
  38. *Nepal, M.P., V.N.P. Gupta, O.R. Vetaas and R.P. Chaudhary. 1999. Utilization of Plant Resources of Makalu-Barun Buffer zone, Eastern Nepal by the Rais and the Sherpa Communities. Proceedings of Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, pp. 1359-1370.
  39. Chaudhary, R.P., Nepal, M.P., V.N.P. Gupta and O.R. Vetaas. 2002. Traditional Use of Plants by the Indigenous Peoples of Makalu-Barun Buffer Zone, Eastern Nepal. In: Chaudhary, R.P., B.P Subedi, O.R. Vetaas and T.H. Aase (eds). Vegetation and Society: Their Interaction in the Himalayas. Tribhuvan University, Nepal and Bergen University, Norway. pp. 83-97.

    Teaching Modules >12,000 downloads since 2018, from more than 900 institutions in 137 countries

  40. Chang, J., Ritter, B., Feller, D. and Nepal, M.P. 2024. Soil Health Class-2: Soil pH. ILEARN Teaching Resources. Volume 6 (1): 156-165 (DOI: 10.62812/FQNL2254).
  41. Chang, J., Ritter, B., Feller, D. and Nepal, M.P. 2024. Introduction to Soil Health for High School Students. ILEARN Teaching Resources. Volume 6 (1): 146-155 (DOI: 10.62812/LONN8629).
  42. Little Eagle, M., Janis, M. and Nepal, M.P. 2023. Lakota Ethnobotany for the First Graders. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 5(1): 136-145 9 (DOI: 10.62812/AUHQ9154).
  43. Janis, M., Little Eagle, M. and Nepal, M.P. 2023. Lakota Ethnobotany for South Dakota Middle School Students. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 5(1): 126-135 (DOI: 10.62812/AUHQ9154).
  44. Roy, S., Abrahamson, M., Nepal, M.P. and Butzin, N.C. 2022. Exploring Bacterial Diversity through Hand-printing and Bacterial Art. ILEARN Teaching Resources 4(2):95-105 (DOI: 10.62812/CNZE8705).
  45. Nelson, L.S., Roy, S., Bohnet, B.J., Chase, T., LaBelle, B., Nepal, M.P. and Butzin, N.C. 2022. Teaching Central Dogma of Biology Using Cell Free Environment. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 4 (1):81-94 (DOI: 10.62812/JQXC9436).
  46. Kovash, I., Hossain, T., Mitchell, M., Roy, S., Nepal, M.P. and Butzin, N.C. 2022. Toward Genetic Engineering: Teaching Transformation Using the pGLO Plasmid in High School ClassroomsILEARN Teaching Resources. 4 (2): 106-125 (DOI: 10.62812/YAWI7062).
  47. Pourier, A., Pomarleau, W., Nelson, D., Cutler, K. and Nepal, M.P. 2022. Teaching Medicinal Plants Used by Native Americans.ILEARN Teaching Resources. 4 (1):69-80 (DOI:10.62812/DRXM4549).
  48. Pourier, A., Pomarleau, W., Nelson, D., Cutler, K. and Nepal, M.P. 2022. Teaching DNA Extractions from Fruits (Strawberry, Banana, Kiwi and Watermelon). ILEARN Teaching Resources. 4 (1):61-68 (DOI: 10.62812/LLZJ8456).
  49. Scott, C.W. and *Nepal, M.P. 2020. Teaching Natural and Artificial Selection in Production Agriculture. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 3 (1):49-60 (DOI: 10.62812/YNIH9807).
  50. Burwitz, S, Roe, K.M. and *Nepal, M.P., Browning, L.B., Miller, M.L. and White, P.T. 2019. Recycling Aluminum. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 2(3):43-48 (DOI: 10.62812/VYZX7433).
  51. Chang, J. and Nepal, M.P. 2019. Using Drones for Precision Agriculture. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 2 (2):38-42 (DOI: 10.62812/KMPN5367).
  52. Colombe, S., McLaughlin, J., Nepal, M.P., Browning, L.B., Miller, M.L. and White, P.T. 2019. Sustainable Agriculture Lesson for Middle School Classrooms. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 2:34-37 (DOI: 10.62812/QPEI8943).
  53. *Nepal, M.P. and E.J. Andersen. 2019. Using Publicly Available GenBank Data to Teach Plant Phylogeny in High School Classrooms. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 2:23-33 (DOI: 10.62812/LYVA3709).
  54. Mueller, J. M., Edwards, L., Browning, L.B., Miller, M.L., White, P.T. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Understanding Greenhouse Gases. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 2:18-22 (DOI: 10.62812/VPML1616).
  55. Hoover, A., Blaha, B., Englin, J., Browning, L.B., Miller, M.L., White, P.T. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Using a Case Study Approach to Teach Invasive Species and Climate Change. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 2:10-17 (DOI: 10.62812/ETGU8239).
  56. Kruse, T., Forcier, L., Browning, L.B., Miller, M.L., White, P.T. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Climate Change within a Biome. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 1:5-9 (DOI: 10.62812/VDQW3503).
  57. Colombe, S., Browning, L.B., Miller, M.L., White, P.T. and *Nepal, M.P. 2018. Three Sister Crops: Understanding American Indian Agricultural Practices of Corn, Beans and Squash. ILEARN Teaching Resources. 1:1-4 (DOI: 10.62812/BTCH7525).
  58. Carter, A., White, P.T., Hasselquist, L., *Nepal, M.P. 2018. Parliamentary Procedure Interactive Notebook. Curriculum Resources (more than 2,900 downloads since 2018).

    Extension Articles

  59. Mathew, F., Okello, P., Kleinjan, J., Osborne, S., *Nepal, M.P., Varenhorst, A. and Byamukama, E. 2017. Understanding the Relationship Between Soybean Cyst Nematode and Fusarium on Soybean. South Dakota Soybean Leader, May-June 2019.
  60. *Nepal, M.P. and Benson, B.V. 2014. Understanding Plant's Disease Surveillance. Growing South Dakota iGrow (formerly), South Dakota Extension Magazine.
  61. *Nepal, M.P. 2006. Is White Mulberry a Threat to Red Mulberry on Konza? Tallgrass Gazette, spring 2006: 1-2.

    Book Chapter/Lab Manuals

  62. *Nepal, M.P. and Purintun, J. 2021. Systematics of the Genus Morus L. (Moraceae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Potential Responses to Climate Variability. In Genetic Improvement of Mulberry in Context of Climate Change (M.K. Razdan and T. Dennis Thomas, Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  63. Chaudhary, R.P., Nepal, M.P., Gupta, V.N.P. and Vetaas, O.R. 2002. Traditional Use of Plants by the Indigenous Peoples of Makalu-Barun Buffer Zone, Eastern Nepal. In: Chaudhary, R.P., B.P Subedi, O.R. Vetaas and T.H. Aase (eds). Vegetation and Society: Their Interaction in the Himalayas. Tribhuvan University, Nepal and Bergen University, Norway. pp. 83-97.
  64. *Nepal, M.P. 2021. General Botany Laboratory Manual, Pandemic Edition. South Dakota State University. 75 p.
  65. *Nepal, M.P. and Wake, C.M. 2017. General Botany Laboratory Manual, 3rd Ed. South Dakota State University. 112 p.
Preprints
  1. White, P.T., Browning, L.M., Miller, M.L., Vestal, S.S., Lemke, M. and *Nepal, M.P. 2020. Perceptions and Usages of Online Teaching Resources by South Dakota Science and Agriculture Teachers; EdArXiv DOI: 10.35542/osf.io/wy9dj.
  2. Neupane, S., A. Varenhorst and *Nepal, M.P. 2020. Characterization of Induced Susceptibility Effects of Soybean Aphid on Soybean. BioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.25.221275.
  3. Andersen, E.J, Lindsey L.E and *Nepal, M.P. 2020. Genomewide Identification of Disease Resistance Genes (R Genes) in Wheat. BioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.18.210286.
  4. *Nepal, M.P. and V.S. Berg. 2019. Ecophysiology of Potentilla gracilis Douglas ex Hook (Rosaceae): Effects of Night Temperature and Water Stress on Photosynthetic Gas Exchange. bioRxiv685727; DOI: 10.1101/685727.
  5. Andersen, E.J. and *Nepal, M.P. 2019. Diversification of Disease Resistance Receptors by Integrated Domain Fusions in Wheat and its Progenitors. bioRxiv 695148; DOI: 10.1101/695148.
  6. Neupane, S., Purintun, J., Mathew, F. M., Varenhorst, A. J. and Nepal, M.P. 2019. Resistance Components and Interactions of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Heterodera glycines (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in Soybean. Preprints 201906.0282. DOI: 10.20944/preprints201906.0282.v1.
Conference Presentations

(Regional/national only) teaching related

Media Highlights
Research

Researchers in Nepal's lab are interested in understanding plant evolution using approaches in bioinformatics, molecular phylogenetics, comparative genomics and ecological genetics. The main research goal is to provide the interested students/researchers with the cutting-edge research experience that they can apply to their future career.

Identification and Characterization of Stress Responsive Genes in Crops
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase families in legumes and other crop species.
  • Disease/Pest resistance Genes (R-genes) in legumes and other crop species.
Ecological Genetics of Both Native and Invasive Plant Species
Molecular Biology student in Dr. Nepal's Lab
  • Molecular systematics (e.g. taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Morus).
  • Community phylogenetics and population genetics of native plants.
  • Introduction history and genetics of invasive species (e.g. sickleweed).